Pilot operated water conservation valve actuator

ABSTRACT

A fluid diaphragm valve and interconnected pilot valve apparatus for control flow of fluid discharge from a pressurized fluid distribution system. The apparatus has a primary valve with an inlet adapted to receive fluid under pressure, and an outlet adapted to discharge fluid to an outlet conduit. A diaphragm chamber is provided in the primary valve which is responsive to fluid pressure controlled by a pilot diaphragm valve. Upon release of fluid pressure in the pilot diaphragm valve, the primary valve allows passage of fluid to the outlet conduit. Bleed fluid from the pilot valve is also discharged into the outlet conduit and is thus saved for use. Upon closure of the pilot valve, a bleed port in the primary diaphragm in the primary valve allows repressurization and seating of the primary diaphragm, thus terminating fluid flow through the primary valve. A novel, retrograde motion actuator is also described for use in manual operation of the pilot valve from a fixed location such as cabinets below kitchen sinks.

This application claims benefit of No. 60/001,639 filed Jul. 28, 1995 and is a CIP of Ser. No. 09/687,660 filed Jul. 26, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,315, issued Sep. 26, 2000.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a novel valve apparatus and to a method for reducing water use, and more particularly, to hands free apparatus for controlling water discharge operations and to thereby reduce water usage at taps such as kitchen and bathroom sinks, whether residential or industrial.

BACKGROUND

As a result of either water costs or shortages, it is often desirable to reduce the amount of water consumed at a point of use, such as at a tap supplying water to a household kitchen sink. Typically, the actual amount of water required to accomplish the task at hand is relatively small compared to the amount of water that is inadvertently wasted while the user's attention is directed elsewhere. For example, it is often inconvenient to shut off the water flow between rinsing separate utensils, or while cutting a freshly rinsed vegetable. Or, handling faucets when cutting raw meat may inadvertently contaminate the controls with bacteria, such as virulent stains of ecoli, and is best avoided by leaving rinse water running during meat cutting operations, to avoid health code violations in institutional or commercial kitchen settings. While the economic cost of such wasteful practices has only begun to reach the pocketbooks of individual consumers, collectively, society has begun to encounter the cost of such practices in many ways. For example, it has become common in certain areas to hear of the denial of water availability certifications which are required before beginning construction of new homes. Also, consumptive water uses have reduced in-stream flows, have contributed to the decline of fish populations, and also have adversely impacted the recreational use of certain lakes and rivers that are used for water supply.

I am aware of various attempts in which an effort has been made to provide an apparatus for reducing water flow at a tap. Such attempts are largely characterized by designs which include some sort of repositionable valve that is controlled by a foot or hand actuated mechanism. For example, one such design is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,095, 941 issued Mar. 17, 1992 to J. Betz for METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING A FAUCET. In one embodiment, his invention provides a pressure switch which is mounted at or near the floor and is activated by the user's foot, and which allows flow for a predetermined amount of time after the foot valve is actuated. More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,600 was issued Feb. 7, 1995 to Gilbert, Sr. for LATCHING FOOT PEDAL ACTUATED TAP WATER FLOW CONTROLLER. That patent discloses a latch and release mechanism for regulating water flow through a tap with a foot actuated valve.

For the most part, the documents identified in the preceding paragraph or which are otherwise known to me disclose devices which require the supply of an extended mechanical or electrical linkage portion, and in some cases, additional various adjustable parts. Also, in so far as I am aware, although diaphragm type valves have long been known, the special design necessary to adapt such devices to regulate tap water flow has not been exploited heretofore by others.

Thus, the advantages offered by my simple, hydraulically actuated, unique diaphragm valve design, and its avoidance of electrical or mechanical linkages as a prerequisite to actuate a water flow valve, are important and self- evident.

OBJECTS, ADVANTAGES, AND NOVEL FEATURES

I have now invented, and disclose herein, a novel design for a pilot controlled water flow control valve and accompanying actuator bar which does not have the above-discussed drawbacks common to those somewhat similar products heretofore designed or used of which I am aware. Unlike the earlier designs that attempted to provide a mechanical or electrical linkage for use in opening and closing a valve, my design provides a simple means for opening and closing the valve, without resorting to either electrical or mechanical components. Further, it is simple to use, easy to install, and otherwise superior to those designs heretofore used or proposed. In addition, it provides significant reduction in water consumption in systems that utilize the device.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent to the reader that one important and primary object of the present invention resides in the provision of a novel pilot valve actuated water valve apparatus for reducing the consumption of water in regulated water taps, and which improves the reliability, simplicity and safety of such types of devices by reducing or eliminating reliance on electrical wiring or extensive mechanically linked parts.

Other important but more specific objects of the invention reside in (1) the provision of an apparatus for reducing the consumption of water at discharge taps, and (2) the provision of a method for reducing the flow of water at discharge taps, using the apparatus described herein which:

can easily and quickly installed by an unsophisticated user in existing, conventional, manually operated household kitchen and bathroom sinks;

which in a relatively inexpensive manner can reduce water consumption at such kitchen and bathroom sinks;

which can easily and quickly be installed in institutional or commercial kitchens to enable employees to engage in hands-off water faucet operation, thereby reducing cross-contamination between raw foods and finished products, and thus insuring that health codes can be easily complied with during normal operations.

Other important objects, features, and additional advantages of my invention will become apparent to the reader from the foregoing and from the appended claims and as the ensuing detailed description and discussion proceeds in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

I have now invented and disclose herein a novel pilot operated valve apparatus for controlling the discharge of fluids, and in particular for controlling the discharge of water from a pressurized water supply system. The valve apparatus is particularly useful for minimizing the amount of water used at industrial, commercial, and household kitchen sinks.

My novel valve apparatus is advantageously utilized for control flow of fluid discharge from a pressurized fluid distribution system, such as those systems configured with the valve apparatus being supplied with fluid via an incoming conduit that supplies the fluid under pressure. The valve apparatus includes a primary valve, a pilot valve, and an actuator that is linked to the pilot valve. The primary valve has an inlet adapted to receive fluid under pressure from an incoming conduit, an outlet adapted to discharge the fluid to an outlet conduit, a diaphragm chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion, and a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm. The primary diaphragm is located in the primary diaphragm chamber between the pilot portion and the working portion of the primary diaphragm chamber. The primary diaphragm has a pilot side and a working side. The working side of the primary diaphragm is configured to engage at least a portion of the inlet, as well as the outlet. The primary diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (a) an open position wherein fluid pressure from the inlet disengages the primary diaphragm from the outlet so that fluid is allowed from the inlet to the outlet and thence to the outlet conduit, and (b) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on the pilot side of the primary diaphragm forces the primary diaphragm to sealingly engage the outlet so that fluid is not allowed from the inlet to the outlet. To release fluid pressure so as to operate the valve, a bleed inlet line from the primary valve is provided operatively connected to a pilot valve. The bleed inlet line has a first end and a second end, with the first end hydraulically connected to the pilot portion of the primary diaphragm chamber. The pilot valve has a bleed inlet which is hydraulically connected to the second end of the bleed inlet line from the pilot portion of the diaphragm chamber. Also, the pilot valve has a bleed outlet for discharge of the bleed fluid, and a pressurizable fluid reservoir located between the bleed inlet and the bleed outlet. The fluid reservoir is adapted to receive pressurized liquid from the bleed inlet line. The pilot valve is operated using a plunger to displace a repositionable pilot diaphragm between (a) a normally closed position wherein the repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages the bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through the pilot valve, and (b) an open position, wherein the repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from the bleed outlet so as to hydraulically open the bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough. In the open position, pressurized fluid from the pilot side of the primary diaphragm chamber is discharged through the pilot valve, relieving pressure on the diaphragm. An actuator, operatively linked to the pilot valve, is provided to enable the pilot valve to be opened and closed by manipulation of the actuator. The actuator has an open position and an inwardly directed normally closed position. The pilot valve is responsive to movement of the actuator, so that upon inwardly moving the actuator to the open position, the operating link causes the plunger of the pilot valve to reposition the pilot valve diaphragm from a normally closed position to an open position, thereby effecting the release of pressurized fluid out the bleed outlet and releasing fluid pressure on the pilot side of the primary diaphragm, to thereby allowing the primary diaphragm to move to the open position, and thus allowing the full fluid stream from the inlet conduit to flow through the primary valve.

My novel valve apparatus provides a simple device for minimizing water use in regulatable taps. This design provides a significant improvement in the art by reducing complexity compared to previous designs known to me for regulating or minimizing flow of liquid at point of use type devices such as institutional, commercial, and residential kitchen and bathroom sinks.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a kitchen sink and the front of a cabinet adjacent thereto, showing an actuation push bar without pinch point as utilized in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view of my improved valve apparatus, showing a layout of the operational elements, including the use of a primary regulating valve on both hot and cold water lines, and a single housing for a dual pilot valve which is positioned adjacent to the front cabinet mounted actuation push bar, and coiled expandable flexible interconnecting lines for valve actuation.

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of one embodiment of my improved valve, showing a mounting bar and a close fitting actuator push bar, and including smoothly radiused push bar ends having a snap-fit access cover which allows access to mounting screw locations, a front “lock-on” button, and also showing the centrally mounted moving pivot block, and pivot points for the pivot arms.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a dual pilot valve as used in the present invention, showing the various elements of the pilot valve, including the main body, the diaphragm, the diaphragm seat, plunger, and outer housing with key lock for actuator pin.

FIG. 5 is a side elevation view, showing the dual pilot valve, and showing in hidden lines, the fluid inlet and outlet conduits; also illustrated are the snap-on retainers for protecting the barbed inlet and outlet conduit lines.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pilot valve used in the present invention, shown in the closed, no-flow position.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the pilot valve used in the present invention, shown in the open, flow position.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a main valve for controlling water flow, as used in the present invention, showing the various elements of the valve including the main body, the diaphragm, the diaphragm seat, upper housing, and inlet and outlet conduits to the pilot valve, and a snap-on protector for the barbed conduit connectors.

FIG. 9 is a top view of the diaphragm for a main valve, as utilized in the present invention, showing the integral weep holes, upper cushioning stop knobs, and the outer securing ring.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of key operating elements of the present invention, showing a single primary valve and a dual pilot valve for regulating the discharge of water from at least one pressurized inlet conduit, with the pilot valve and the primary valve shown in the closed, no-flow position, so that no liquid flows through the primary valve.

FIG. 11 is a cross-section view of the key operating elements of the present invention, showing a single primary valve and a dual pilot valve for regulating the discharge of water from at least one pressurized inlet conduit, with the pilot valve and the primary valve shown in the open, fluid-flow position, so that liquid flows through the primary valve to a discharge outlet; the view also shows the flexible primary diaphragm.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a flush mount, no pinch point type actuation push bar of the present invention in its operative position, shown in the engaged, water flow position wherein the push bar is engaged toward the cabinet face.

FIGS. 13, 14, 15, and 16 are four closely related views. FIGS. 13 and 14 shows a cross-sectional view of an actuator push bar, and including the internal assembly components of the actuator bar, showing the actuator bar, pivot pins, pivot bars, the pivot block, and pilot valve interconnection, as well as the lock-on button for the actuator and related components.

In FIG. 13, the actuator bar is shown in the closed, no-flow position.

In FIG. 14, the actuator bar is shown in the open, liquid-flow position.

In FIGS. 15 and 16, a partial cut-away cross-sectional view shows the internal assembly in an actuation bar, as well as the lock-on button.

In FIG. 15, the actuator bar is illustrated in the outward, closed, no-flow position.

In FIG. 16, the actuator bar is illustrated in the inward, open, liquid-flow position, with the lock-on tab engaged.

In the various figures, similar parts may be indicated by using the same reference numerals, or with a suffix of one or more prime symbols (′, or ″, for example), without further mention thereof, and it is to be understood that the latter described embodiments can be referred to with the same name as the initially described part which does not utilize such suffix.

DESCRIPTION

Attention is directed to FIG. 1 of the drawing, where a typical kitchen sink 20 with tap 22 having typical hot 24 and cold 26 manual control valves is depicted. At the front 28 of cabinet 30, an actuator push bar 32 with mount housing 34 is shown. Also, a centrally located lock-on tab 35 is provided in the actuator push bar 32. Basically, this FIG. 1 depicts the external appearance of my valve apparatus 36 when installed; the major components of which are illustrated in FIG. 2.

Turning to FIG. 2, a hot water primary or main valve 40 is shown installed between hot water inlet conduit 42 and hot water outlet conduit 44, to which it is preferably affixed by use of hot water line wingnut 45 on connector fitting 82. Likewise, cold water primary or main valve 46 is shown installed between cold water inlet conduit 48 and cold water outlet conduit 50, to which it is preferably affixed by use of cold water wingnut fitting 51. A dual pilot valve 52 is mounted adjacent linkage 54 with actuator push bar 32. The dual pilot valve 52 is configured to serve both the hot water primary valve 40 and the cold water primary valve 46. The dual pilot valve 52 is connected to a hot water bleed inlet line 56 and a hot water bleed outlet line 58, both of which are more easily seen at the hot water primary valve 40, since, as illustrated in FIG. 2, one of these lines is hidden behind the other at the pilot valve 52. Similarly, the dual pilot valve 52 is connected to a cold water bleed inlet line 60 and cold water bleed outlet line 62, both of which are more easily seen at the cold water primary valve 46, since, as illustrated in this FIG. 2, one of these lines is hidden behind the other at the pilot valve 52.

Many important structural and functional details of my novel valve apparatus can be easily seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, where the operation of my valve apparatus is depicted using the dual pilot valve 52 and single primary valve, namely hot water primary valve 40 (operation with the other valve, cold primary valves 46 is similar). As shown in FIG. 10, the hot primary valve 40 and pilot valve 52 are in the closed position, so that no fluid from inlet conduit 42 is allowed to pass through valve 40 to the outlet conduit 44. FIG. 11 shows the same primary valve 40 and pilot valve 52 in the open position, where fluid W from inlet conduit 42 is allowed to pass through valve 40 to the outlet conduit 44.

The method via which the primary valve 40 is maintained in the closed position can be better understood by analysis of the key structural elements of my novel valve apparatus and the interrelationship as seen in these FIGS. 10 and 12. The primary valve 40 has an inlet space 78 that is adapted to receive incoming fluid as indicated by reference arrow 80 from the incoming conduit 42. For convenience, an integrally provided threaded connector 82 may be utilized to join valve 40 with outgoing conduit 44. An outlet space 84 is provided to discharge the fluid, as indicated by reference arrow 86, to outlet conduit 44. For convenience, a threaded connector 88 may be utilized to join incoming conduit 42 to primary valve 40, however, this is optional. Diaphragm housing 90 and body 92 of primary valve 70 combine to form therebetween a diaphragm chamber 94. The diaphragm chamber 94 houses a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm 96. The primary diaphragm 96 has a pilot side 98 and a working side 100, to divide the diaphragm chamber into a pilot portion 102 and a working portion 104. The working side 100 of the primary diaphragm 96 has a protruding nipple portion 105 that is configured to sealingly engage a seat 106 at the upstream end 108 of outlet space 84. The rounded, protruding shape of nipple portion 105 is important, since such a shape allows a gradual closing of the outlet seal at seat 106, to thereby eliminate the “water hammer” phenomenon which would otherwise result from sudden stoppage of a fluid stream that is rushing towards the outlet 84 of valve 40. In this regard, the exact surface shape 1 07of seat 106 may be varied to work in concert with the shape of nipple portion 105 to achieve the desired smoothly closing effect. As provided, the inside surface 107 of seat 106 is substantially parallel to the sidewall 109 of nipple 105 when diaphragm 96 is at the closed position shown in FIG. 10. Thus, as the diaphragm 96 closes, an increasingly thin annular outlet is provided for liquid to escape to outlet 84 of valve 40. This decreasing cross-sectional flow area allows a smooth water cut-off to be achieved.

Also, the primary diaphragm 96 engages and interacts with fluid (as indicated by reference arrows 110) from at least a portion of inlet 78. The primary diaphragm 96 is made of a long lasting flexible material, such as a rubber composition, and is suitable to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (a) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on the pilot side 98 of the primary diaphragm 96 forces the primary diaphragm to sealingly engage the seat 106 of outlet 84 so that fluid 80 is not allowed from the inlet space 78 to the outlet 84, and (b) an open position, as shown in FIG. 11, wherein fluid pressure from inlet space 78 disengages the primary diaphragm 96 from seat 106 of the outlet 84 so that fluid 80 is allowed from the inlet space 78 to the outlet 84 and thence to outlet conduit 44 as indicated by reference numeral 86.

To operate the flexible primary diaphragm 96, a bleed inlet line 56 is provided to hydraulically connect a pressurizable fluid reservoir 112 in pilot valve 52 with the diaphragm chamber 94 in the primary valve 40. The bleed inlet line 56 has a first end 114 hydraulically connected via outlet port 116 to the pilot portion 102 of diaphragm chamber 94, and a second end 118 hydraulically connected to bleed inlet 120 of the fluid reservoir 114 in pilot valve 72. The pressurizable fluid reservoir 114 is adapted to receive pressurized liquid, via way of bleed inlet line 56.

As may also be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, a repositionable pilot diaphragm 122 is provided to sealingly engage the seat 124 of bleed outlet 126 from the fluid reservoir 114. The pilot diaphragm 122 is displaceable by a plunger 128 between (a) a normally closed position, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 10, wherein the repositionable pilot diaphragm 122 sealingly engages the seat 124 to block escape of fluid through outlet conduit 130 of pilot valve 52, and (b) an open position, wherein the repositionable pilot diaphragm 122 is displaced from the seat 124 so as to hydraulically open the pilot valve to allow passage of fluid through outlet 126 thereof, so that pressurized fluid from the pilot side 102 of the primary diaphragm chamber 94 is discharged through outlet conduit 130 of pilot valve 52. Normally, and preferably, pilot valve 52 is provided with a bleed outlet line 58, connected at a first end 127 with outlet conduit 130 and at a second end 129 to the outlet side 84 of primary valve 40, so that fluid is routed to outlet conduit 44 for use, rather than being wasted.

To operate pilot valve 52, an actuator push bar 32 is provided, preferably at the front 28 of wall 29 of cabinet 30, particularly when the valve apparatus is used in a kitchen or bathroom sink. The actuator 32 is preferably biased by spring 132 in the normally closed position, as shown in FIGS. 10, 13, and 15, and is manually depressed in the direction of reference arrow 134, as indicated in FIGS. 10 and 13, to reach an open position as depicted in FIGS. 11,12,14, and 16. Actuator 32 components include linkage 136, which further includes pivot block 137 and first pivot arm 138 and second pivot arm 140 (further seen in FIGS. 13, 14,15, and 16 below). The first 137 and second 138 pivot arms react about pivot points 143 and 146 in response to outward movement of pivot block 137, which occurs in response to inward movement of actuator 32 (which relieves the tension exerted on pivot block 137 by spring 132). In this “reverse action” arrangement, the pivot arms 138 and 140 react at pivot pins 143P and 146P against pivot points 143PP and 146PP, respectively (as better seen in FIGS. 3 and 3A above, where it is also noted that pivot pins 146P and 143P are preferably provided having upper 146P-U and lower 146P-L elements, and 143P-U and 143P-L elements, respectively, which extend above and below pivot arms 140 and 138, respectively) to interfit in matching upper pivot points 146PP-U and lower 146PP-L pivot points, located in pivot point ears 146PPE-U and 146PPE-L, etc.) to resultingly manipulate linkage 136 and pin 148 outwardly, so as to move plunger 128 of pilot valve 52 outwardly in the direction of reference arrow 150 in FIG. 4, to open pilot valve 52. The linkage 136 is adapted to be moveable to the open position in response to movement of the actuator 32, so that upon repositioning of the actuator 32 to the open position, the operating linkage 136 causes the plunger 128 of the pilot valve 52 to reposition the pilot valve diaphragm 122 from a normally closed position to an open position. When that happens, pressurized fluid contained by diaphragm 122 is released from the pilot side 102 of the primary diaphragm 96, causing the primary diaphragm 96 to move to the open position as shown in FIG. 11

When the pilot valve 52 is returned to the closed position as set forth in FIGS. 6 and 12, a small portion of pressurized fluid from supply conduit 80 enters inlet space 78 and then passes through at least one weep passageway 152 in primary diaphragm 96 (see FIG. 9), as indicated by reference arrow 154 in FIG. 10. The weep passageway 152 is provided with sufficient size so that at least a small volume of pressurized fluid, adequate to exert sufficient pressure on the pilot side 98 of the primary diaphragm 96 to force the diaphragm 96 to sealingly contact seat 106 and thus close valve 40, is able to enter the pilot side 102 of the diaphragm chamber 94.

Structural details of the dual pilot valve 52 may be may be better seen in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7. A main body 160 of dual pilot valve 52 is provided in a generally oval bathtub shape to accommodate two pilot valves 71 and 72. At the rear wall (or bottom) 162 of the body 160, a pair of preferably annular shaped recessed fluid receiving chambers 164 and 165 are provided. Protruding from the base B of chambers 164 and 165 are bleed exits 164B and 165B, respectively. Bleed outlet seal face raised ledges 166 and 167, preferably circular in shape, are provided in rear wall 162 with peripheral groves 168 a and 168 b around each of pilot valves 71 and 72 to receive a complementary raised edge seal 170 a and 170 b of the flexible dual pilot diaphragm 122. The preferably oval shaped dual pilot diaphragm 122 ideally fits snugly against the raised ledges 166 and 167 and extends laterally to the inner oval shaped wall 172 of dual pilot valve 72. Two recessed, preferably smooth, cymbal shaped recessed concave diaphragm seats 180 and 181 are provided in retainer 182 to accommodate individual pilot valve sections 183 and 184 of the dual pilot diaphragm 122. Individual posts 186 and 188 of plunger 128 fit snugly through apertures 190 and 192 of retainer 182 with sufficient length L (see FIG. 7) forward of the inside surface 194 of plunger 128′ that posts 186 and 188 may each impinge upon the outside surface 196 of dual pilot diaphragm 122 so as to depress the inside surface 198 of pilot diaphragm 122 sealingly against the bleed inlet seals 124 and 125. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, plunger 128 is moved from its forward, normally closed position to a rearward, open position (as depicted in FIG. 7) via pin 148. Pin 148 is adapted for tight fitting sliding engagement in and being secured by hollow cylinder 200 which has a generally U-shaped circumferential groove 201 that is snap-fitted in complementary snap fit opening 202 in cap 204 of dual pilot valve 52. Preferably, pin 148 includes a reaction pad 205 of greater surface area than that of pin 148 itself, in order to minimize stress on the outer side 128 _(o) of plunger 128. The interior end 2001 of cylinder 200 may include a shaped hollowed end (here, cone shaped) to accommodate the shape of the body of pin 148 behind reaction pad 205.

At the outer end 200 _(O) of cylinder 200, threads 200T are provided to connect the operably connected cylinder to complementary threads 34T in mounting plate 34 (see FIG. 10,11, and 12). Pin 148 is located within a cylindrical threaded tube 200, which is secured at one end at the cap 204 of the dual pilot diaphragm valve 52, and at the other end at mounting plate 34 affixed to front 28 of cabinet wall 29.

By comparison of FIGS. 10 and 11, or between 13 and 14, or between 15 and 16, the movement of actuator 32 can be appreciated. When actuator 32 is pushed inward toward the front 28 of cabinet 30, linkage 136 (as described above) allows pin 148 to move outward, toward actuator 32′. Via way of pivot arms 138 and 140, acting against pivot pins 143P and 146P, respectively, and release of force of spring 132, this retrograde motion configuration is achieved for operation of my novel valve apparatus. Moreover, the action achieved by this apparatus is such that even if pressure is applied unevenly to actuator 32, such as at either end of the same, by way of the forces distributed by the pivot arms 138 and 140, the actuator 32 is able to move relatively evenly toward the wall 28 of the cabinet 30. As seen in FIGS. 10 or 13, when in a no-flow configuration, actuator 32 extends outward a distance DN from mounting housing 34. When in a flow configuration, actuator push bar 32 extends outward a distance D_(F) from housing 34. As may be more evident by comparing FIGS. 5 and 6, I prefer a configuration where D_(F) where shroud 33 portion of mounting housing 34 completely spans the gap D_(N). In this fashion, fingers F (see FIG. 10) of a user's hand (shown in phantom lines) will not fall into a gap G between the inner end 34 _(I) of actuator push bar 34 and the outer end 33 _(O) of shroud 33 of the mounting housing 34.

Further evident in the just mentioned FIGS. 10 and 12 is a manual tab 220 which can be utilized to maintain a “locked-on” flow condition, by locking the actuator 32 inward. To accomplish this function, spring 222 is provided for complementary mounting engagement about the upper and lower portions of pivot block 137, in an overall sideways and outwardly directed U-shaped configuration, where opposing upwardly directed tines 224 and downwardly directed tines 226 are situated for interfering engagement with upward and downward wedges 220 _(W) of tab 220. In this manner, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, tines 224 and 226 are directed to catchment lands 230 and 232 in the upper inner 34 _(U) and lower inner 34 _(L) walls of actuator bar 34. When tab 220 is pressed inward, as shown in FIG. 12, then actuator bar 34 is secured in a stable state, on or liquid flow configuration. This configuration is secured by tab spring 240. When actuator bar 34 is returned to its normally off position (see FIG. 10), the wedge portions 220W of tab 220 do not spread the tines 224 and 226 of spring 222 outward, and thus the tab 220 is not longer caught in a stable, locked flow position.

Preferably, mounting housing 34 is provided in an elongate hollow open front configuration, in a size adapted to accept an elongated bar type actuator 32 at the front in using a shrouded, non-pinch configuration as earlier described. I prefer to utilize a generally rectangular shape for mounting housing 34, however, any convenient complementary shapes may be utilized for actuator bar 32 and housing 34. Ideally, any gap G between the inner edge of actuator bar 32 and the outer stop surface 34 _(s) of housing 34 is shrouded by a close fitting shroud 33 adapted to flush fit the interior periphery of actuator bar 32.

As can readily be appreciated by reference to FIGS. 4 and 10. 13, the use of a circumferential groove or notch 201 distal end of the cylinder 200 holding pin 148 allows the pilot valve 52 to be quickly and easily mounted into an operating position. This is particularly true where external threads 200T are provided on the proximal end of the pin housing cylinder 200, so that the threads 200T can be interfitted in firm meshing engagement with internal threads 34T which define a through passageway aperture in mounting plate 34. In this fashion, pin housing cylinder 200 allows caged, sliding, reversible passage of pin 148 therethough, and between the interior side 137I of pivot block 137 and the exterior side 1288O of plunger 128. Ideally, as in the embodiment just described, the effective length of actuating pin 148 is carefully sized so that it provides a firm, repositionable, reliable device to operatively connect the actuator 32 with the plunger 128 of the pilot valve 52. However, other linking devices may be used to accomplish the same function and to achieve the same result, and so long as the linkage between manipulating an actuator is coupled with repositioning a pilot valve.

Further details of my primary or diaphragm valve is also illustrated in FIG. 8. Valve 40 has leading thereto a fluid supply portion 380. A threads 400 on valve 40 are provided for connection to inlet line 42 (to provide a pressurized fluid supply line). A monolithic block main body 402 is provided. Diaphragm seat 106 is provided, against which primary diaphragm 96 sealingly engages. Diaphragm housing 90 and monolithic block main body 402 of primary valve 40 combine to form therebetween a diaphragm chamber 94, as described herein above with regard to valve 40. Preferably, diaphragm housing 90 and main body 402 are sonic welded for leakless construction. A bleed nipple 408 is provided in main body 402. A bleed discharge nipple 410 is provided on the outlet line 412 of valve, so that bleed fluid can be discharged into outlet line 412. Wingnuts 45 are provide on the threaded outlet coupling 82. Importantly, an oval shaped, protective ring 420 with interior protruding bead 422 for snap-fit to exterior circumferential groove 424 in order to provide a protective cover for the inlet and outlet bleed fittings 408 and 410.

It is to be appreciated that the novel valve apparatus and method for regulating the flow of water from a tap which is provided by the present invention is a significant improvement in the state of the art of water saving devices for use in pressurized water supply systems such as industrial, commercial, and household kitchen and bathroom sinks. My novel valve apparatus is relatively simple, and it substantially decreases the cost and complexity involved in installing water saving valves in existing home sink applications.

It is thus clear from the heretofore provided description that my novel valve apparatus is an appreciable improvement in the state of the art of devices for reducing water use in sinks and other applications. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that my novel valve apparatus and method of employing the same may be modified from those embodiments provided herein without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages provided by this invention, and may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Also, it is to be noted that while only one (the hot primary valve) of the pair of primary valves was described in detail, the virtually identical operation of the second (cold primary valve) will be easily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art and to which this disclosure is directed. Therefore, the embodiments presented herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. As such, the claims are intended to cover the structures described herein, and not only structural equivalents thereof, but also equivalent structures. Thus, the scope of the invention, as indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, is intended to include variations from the embodiments provided which are nevertheless described by the broad meaning and range properly afforded to the language of the claims, or to the equivalents thereof. 

I claim:
 1. A valve apparatus for control flow of fluid discharge from a pressurized fluid distribution system, where said valve apparatus is supplied with fluid via an incoming conduit supplying the fluid under pressure, said valve apparatus comprising: (a) a primary valve, said primary valve comprising (i) an inlet, said inlet adapted to receive said fluid under pressure from said incoming conduit, (ii) an outlet, said outlet adapted to discharge said fluid to an outlet conduit; (iii) a diaphragm chamber, said chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion; (iv) a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm, said primary diaphragm located in said primary diaphragm chamber between said pilot portion and said working portion of said primary diaphragm chamber, said primary diaphragm having a pilot side and a working side, said working side of said primary diaphragm configured to engage (A) at least a portion of said inlet, and (B) said outlet, (v) and wherein said primary diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (A) an open position wherein fluid pressure from said inlet disengages said primary diaphragm from said outlet so that fluid is allowed from said inlet to said outlet and thence to outlet conduit; and (B) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm forces said primary diaphragm to sealingly engage said outlet so that fluid is not allowed from said inlet to said outlet; (b) a bleed inlet line, said bleed inlet line having a first end and a second end, said first end hydraulically connected to said pilot portion of said primary diaphragm chamber; (c) a pilot valve, said pilot valve having (i) a bleed inlet, said bleed inlet hydraulically connected to said second end of said bleed inlet line from said pilot portion of said diaphragm chamber, (ii) a bleed outlet, (iii) a pressurizable fluid reservoir, said fluid reservoir located between said bleed inlet and said bleed outlet, said fluid reservoir adapted to receive pressurized liquid from said bleed inlet line; (iv) a repositionable pilot diaphragm; (v) a plunger, said plunger adapted to displace said repositionable pilot diaphragm between (A) a normally closed position wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages said bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through said pilot valve, and (B) an open position, wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from said bleed outlet so as to open said bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough, so that said pressurized fluid from said pilot side of said primary diaphragm chamber is discharged through said pilot valve; and (d) an actuator, said actuator having an open position and a normally closed position, said actuator further is comprising (i) an operating link connected with said pilot valve, and (ii) a releasably securable lock, said lock manually operable to secure said actuator in said open position while actuation force is withdrawn from said actuator; (e) said actuator repositionable to the open position in response to movement of said actuator, so that upon repositioning of said actuator to said open position, said operating link causes the plunger of said pilot valve to reposition said pilot valve diaphragm from a normally closed position to an open position, thereby effecting the release of pressurized fluid out the bleed outlet and releasing fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm, to thereby cause said primary diaphragm to move to said open position.
 2. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a bleed outlet line having a first end and a second end, and wherein said first end of said bleed outlet line is hydraulically connected to said bleed outlet of said pilot valve, and wherein said second end of said bleed outlet line is hydraulically connected to said outlet of said primary valve, so that when said pilot valve is opened to allow pressurized fluid to be discharged out the bleed outlet, said fluid is sent to the outlet of said primary valve, so that said fluid may be discharged out through said outlet conduit, so as to avoid waste of said pressurized bleed fluid.
 3. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said primary diaphragm further comprises at least one weep passageway therethrough, said weep passageway adapted to allow at least a small volume of pressurized fluid to pass from said working portion to said pilot portion of said diaphragm chamber, so that fluid pressure is exerted on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm to close said primary valve.
 4. A valve apparatus for control flow of fluid discharge from a pressurized fluid distribution system, where said valve apparatus is supplied with fluid via an incoming conduit supplying the fluid under pressure, said valve apparatus comprising: (a) a primary valve, said primary valve comprising (i) an inlet, said inlet adapted to receive said fluid under pressure from said incoming conduit, (ii) an outlet, said outlet adapted to discharge said fluid to an outlet conduit; (iii) a diaphragm chamber, said chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion; (iv) a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm, said primary diaphragm located in said primary diaphragm chamber between said pilot portion and said working portion of said primary diaphragm chamber, said primary diaphragm having a pilot side and a working side, said working side of said primary diaphragm configured to engage (A) at least a portion of said inlet, and (B) said outlet, (v) and wherein said primary diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (A) an open position wherein fluid pressure from said inlet disengages said primary diaphragm from said outlet so that fluid is allowed from said inlet to said outlet and thence to outlet conduit; and (B) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm forces said primary diaphragm to sealingly engage said outlet so that fluid is not allowed from said inlet to said outlet; (b) a bleed inlet line, said bleed inlet line having a first end and a second end, said first end hydraulically connected to said pilot portion of said primary diaphragm chamber; (c) a pilot valve, said pilot valve having (i) a bleed inlet, said bleed inlet hydraulically connected to said second end of said bleed inlet line from said pilot portion of said diaphragm chamber, (ii) a bleed outlet, (iii) a pressurizable fluid reservoir, said fluid reservoir located between said bleed inlet and said bleed outlet, said fluid reservoir adapted to receive pressurized liquid from said bleed inlet line; (iv) a repositionable pilot diaphragm, said diaphragm adapted to be repositionable pilot diaphragm between (A) a normally closed position wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages said bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through said pilot valve, and (B) an open position, wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from said bleed outlet so as to open said bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough, so that said pressurized fluid from said pilot side of said primary diaphragm chamber is discharged through said pilot valve; and (d) an actuator, said actuator having an open position and a normally closed position, said actuator further comprising (i) an operating link connected with said pilot valve, and (ii) a releasably securable lock, said lock manually operable to secure said actuator in said open position while actuation force is withdrawn from said actuator; (e) said actuator repositionable to the open position in response to movement of said actuator, so that upon repositioning of said actuator to said open position, said operatively connected link causes said repositionable pilot diaphragm to reposition said pilot valve diaphragm from a normally closed position to an open position, thereby effecting the release of pressurized fluid out the bleed outlet and releasing fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm, to thereby cause said primary diaphragm to move to said open position.
 5. A valve apparatus for operator control flow of two or more different fluid streams discharged from a tap, where the tap receives fluid discharged from said valve apparatus, and where said valve apparatus is provided with the two or more fluids fluid via separate incoming conduits for the supply of each of the fluids under pressure in its separate conduit, said control apparatus comprising: (a) two or more primary valves, said two or more primary valves each comprising (i) an inlet, said inlet adapted to receive said fluid under pressure from one of said two or more incoming conduits, (ii) an outlet, said outlet adapted to discharge said fluid through a discharge conduit to said tap; (iii) a diaphragm chamber, said chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion; (iv) a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm, said primary diaphragm located in said primary diaphragm chamber between said pilot portion and said working portion of said primary diaphragm chamber, said primary diaphragm having a pilot side and a working side, said working side of said primary diaphragm configured to engage (A) at least a portion of said inlet, and (B) said outlet, (v) and wherein said primary diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (A) an open position wherein fluid pressure from said inlet disengages said primary diaphragm from said outlet so that fluid is allowed from said inlet to said outlet and thence to said tap, and (B) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm forces said primary diaphragm to sealingly engage said outlet so that fluid is not allowed from said inlet to said outlet; (b) two or more bleed inlet lines, each of said bleed inlet lines having a first end and a second end, said first end hydraulically connected to said pilot portion of said primary diaphragm chamber; (c) two or more pilot valves, each of said two or more pilot valves having (i) a bleed inlet, said bleed inlet hydraulically connected to said second end of said bleed inlet line from said pilot portion of said diaphragm chamber, (ii) a bleed outlet, (iii) a pressurizable fluid reservoir, said fluid reservoir located between said bleed inlet and said bleed outlet, said fluid reservoir adapted to receive pressurized liquid from said bleed inlet line; (iv) a repositionable pilot diaphragm; (v) a plunger, said plunger adapted to displace said repositionable pilot diaphragm between (A) a normally closed position wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages said bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through said pilot valve, and (B) an open position, wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from said bleed outlet so as to open said bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough, so that said pressurized fluid from said pilot side of said primary diaphragm chamber is discharged through said pilot valve; and (d) an actuator, said actuator having an open position and a closed position, said actuator further comprising (i) an operating link connected with said two or more pilot valves, and (ii) a releasably securable lock, said lock manually operable to secure said actuator in said open position while actuation force is withdrawn from said actuator; (e) said actuator responsive to input of an operator, so that upon repositioning of said actuator by an operator, operating link acts upon the plunger of said two or more pilot valves, to thereby reposition each of said two or more said pilot valve diaphragms from a normally closed position to an open position, thereby effecting the release of fluid pressure on each of said two or more primary diaphragms, to thereby cause each of said two or more primary diaphragms to move to said open position.
 6. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein said primary valves and said pilot valves are provided as companions in sets of two or more, and wherein each set further comprises a bleed outlet line having a first end and a second end, and wherein said first end of said bleed outlet line is hydraulically connected to said bleed outlet of a selected pilot valve in said set of two or more pilot valves, and wherein said second end of said bleed outlet line is hydraulically connected to said outlet of a selected primary valve in said set of two or more primary valves, so that when said selected pilot valve is opened to allow pressurized fluid to be discharged out the bleed outlet, said fluid is sent to the outlet of said selected primary valve, so that said fluid may be discharged out through said tap, so as to avoid waste of said pressurized bleed fluid.
 7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 5, herein each primary diaphragm in each of said two or more primary valves further comprises at least one weep passageway therethrough, said weep passageway adapted to allow at least a small volume of pressurized fluid to pass from said working portion to said pilot portion of each of said diaphragm chambers, so that fluid pressure is exerted on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm to close any one of said two or more primary valves.
 8. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, or claim 4, or claim 5, wherein each of said pilot valves further comprises a body, said body cooperating with an interior rear wall to form a recessed fluid receiving chamber.
 9. The apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein said interior rear wall of said pilot valve further comprises (a) a raised ledge having peripheral grooves, and (b) a flexible diaphragm seal having raised edges complementary to said peripheral grooves.
 10. The apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein said pilot valve further comprises two recessed, generally cymbal shaped diaphragm seal seats.
 11. The apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein said pilot valve further comprises (a) a plunger said plunger comprising two or more posts of length L, (b) a retainer, said retainer having two or more aperture defining edges complementary to said two or more posts of said plunger, and wherein said plunger may be actuated to depress said diaphragm seal against said diaphragm seal seats, so as to sealingly interrupt fluid flow through said pilot valve.
 12. The apparatus as set forth in claim 11, wherein said pilot valve further comprises an external housing, said housing having an interior aperture defining edge portion, said aperture defining edge portion adapted to securely snap into firm engagement a generally cylindrical object with an H-shaped engaging portion.
 13. The apparatus as set forth in claim 11, further comprising an actuator pin housing, said actuator pin housing having an elongate, tubular body and a distal end with a generally H-shaped notch therein, said H-shaped notch adapted to provide an engaging portion when interfitted in locking engagement with a complementary sized snap-in aperture.
 14. The apparatus as set forth in claim 11, further comprising an actuator housing, said actuator housing generally in an elongated, hollow rectangular shape having a frontal opening, said frontal opening adapted to fit therein in operational cooperation with said plunger with minimal peripheral gap between said actuator and said actuator housing.
 15. The apparatus as set forth in claim 7, further comprising an actuator mounting plate, said mounting plate generally in an elongated parallelpiped shape.
 16. A valve apparatus for control of fluid discharged from a tap, where the tap receives fluid discharged from said valve apparatus, and where said valve apparatus is provided with fluid by an incoming conduit for the supply of the fluid under pressure, said control apparatus comprising: (a) one or more primary valves, each of said one or more primary valves comprising (i) an inlet, said inlet adapted to receive said fluid under pressure from said incoming conduit, (ii) an outlet, said outlet adapted to discharge said fluid through a second conduit to said tap; (iii) a diaphragm chamber, said chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion; (iv) a fluid pressure controlled diaphragm, said diaphragm located in said diaphragm chamber between said pilot portion and said working portion of said diaphragm chamber, said diaphragm having a pilot side and a working side, said working side of said diaphragm configured to engage (A) at least a portion of said inlet, and (B) said outlet, (v) and wherein the diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (A) an open position wherein fluid pressure from said inlet disengages said diaphragm from said outlet so that fluid is allowed from said inlet to said outlet and thence to said tap, and (B) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on said pilot side of said diaphragm forces said diaphragm to sealingly engage said outlet so that fluid is not allowed from said inlet to said outlet; (b) one or more pilot valves, each of said one or more pilot valves paired with a corresponding primary valve, and each of said one or more pilot valves having an bleed inlet, a bleed outlet, a repositionable pilot diaphragm therebetween, and a plunger adapted to displace said repositionable pilot diaphragm between (i) a normally closed position wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages said bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through said one or more pilot valves, and (ii) an open position, wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from said bleed outlet so as to open said bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough, so that said pressurized fluid from said pilot side of said diaphragm chamber of said first primary valve is discharged through said one or more pilot valves; and (c) an actuator, said actuator further comprising (i) a releasably securable lock, said lock manually operable to secure said actuator in said open position while actuation force is withdrawn from said actuator, and (ii) mechanical linkage responsive to input of said operator to move said plunger of said one or more pilot valves, and (iii) whereby said one or more pilot valves are repositioned between a normally closed position and an open position, whereby fluid flow from said tap is initiated by engaging said actuation means, so as to cause fluid to be discharged from said bleed outlet of said pilot valve, so as to release pressure on said diaphragm in each of said one or more primary valves, to thereby move each of said one or more primary valves to said open position, so that said fluid may flow therethrough to said tap, for discharge of fluid from said tap.
 17. A method for controlling flow of fluid discharge from a pressurized fluid distribution system, where said pressurized fluid distribution system supplied with fluid via an incoming conduit under pressure, said method comprising (a) providing a primary valve to regulate the flow of fluid outward from said incoming conduit, wherein said primary valve comprises (i) an inlet, said inlet adapted to receive said fluid under pressure from said incoming conduit, (ii) an outlet, said outlet adapted to discharge said fluid to an outlet conduit; (iii) a diaphragm chamber, said chamber having a pilot portion and a working portion; (iv) a fluid pressure controlled primary diaphragm, said primary diaphragm located in said primary diaphragm chamber between said pilot portion and said working portion of said primary diaphragm chamber, said primary diaphragm having a pilot side and a working side, said working side of said primary diaphragm configured to engage (A) at least a portion of said inlet, and (B) said outlet, (v) and wherein said primary diaphragm is adapted to be responsive to fluid pressure to move between (A) an open position wherein fluid pressure from said inlet disengages said primary diaphragm from said outlet so that fluid is allowed from said inlet to said outlet and thence to outlet conduit; and (B) a closed position, wherein fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm forces said primary diaphragm to sealingly engage said outlet so that fluid is not allowed from said inlet to said outlet; (b) providing a bleed inlet line, said bleed inlet line having a first end and a second end, said first end hydraulically connected to said pilot portion of said primary diaphragm chamber; (c) providing a pilot valve, said pilot valve of the type comprising (i) a bleed inlet, said bleed inlet hydraulically connected to said second end of said bleed inlet line from said pilot portion of said diaphragm chamber, (ii) a bleed outlet, (iii) a pressurizable fluid reservoir, said fluid reservoir located between said bleed inlet and said bleed outlet, said fluid reservoir adapted to receive pressurized liquid from said bleed inlet line; (iv) a repositionable pilot diaphragm; (v) a plunger, said plunger adapted to displace said repositionable pilot diaphragm between (A) a normally closed position wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm sealingly engages said bleed outlet to block escape of said pressurized fluid through said pilot valve, and (B) an open position, wherein said repositionable pilot diaphragm is displaced from said bleed outlet so as to open said bleed outlet for passage of fluid therethrough, so that said pressurized fluid from said pilot side of said primary diaphragm chamber is discharged through said pilot valve; and (d) providing an actuator, said actuator having a releasably securable lock, said lock manually operable to secure said actuator in said open position while actuation force is withdrawn from said actuator; and (e) operatively connecting said actuator with said pilot valve; (f) displacing said actuator to an open position to cause the pilot valve to reposition said pilot valve diaphragm from a normally closed position to an open position where pressurized fluid is released out said bleed outlet, thus releasing fluid pressure on said pilot side of said primary diaphragm, causing said primary diaphragm to move to said open position to provide fluid flow outward from said pressurized fluid distribution system.
 18. The device as set forth in any one of claims 1, 4, 5, or 16, wherein said actuator bar further comprises inner walls having catchment lands therein, and wherein said lock further comprises a spring having at least a first tine and a second tine, said first and second tines configured for releasable interfering engagement with said catchment lands.
 19. The device as set forth in claim 18, wherein said lock further comprises a manually operable tab, said tab operable between (a) an inward position wherein said spring acts on said catchment lands to secure said actuator bar in an open position, and (b) an outward, normally off position.
 20. The device as set forth in claim 19, wherein said tab further comprises wedge portions, said wedge portions situated to act on said spring, so as to urge one or more of said first and said second tines against said catchment lands, so as to allow said spring to secure said actuator in an open position.
 21. The device as set forth in any one of claims 1, 4, 5, or 16, wherein said actuator comprises a fixed housing portion having an outer surface portion, and a moving push bar portion, and wherein said fixed housing portion and said moving push bar portion are sized and shaped for operating in a closely inter-engaging overlapping fashion where a gap G is avoided between said fixed housing portion and said push bar portion, characterized in that a finger pinch point is avoided between said fixed housing portion and said push bar portion.
 22. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, or in claim 4, or in claim 5, or in claim 16, wherein said pilot valve further comprises a snap on protective retainer, said snap-on retainer sized and shaped to protect said inlet and outlet conduits of said pilot valve. 